GNU Emacs and GCC were presented as examples. The Cathedral model, in which source code is available with each software release, but code developed between releases is restricted to an exclusive group of software developers.The essay contrasts two different free software development models: The book was released under the Open Publication License v2.0 in 1999 using both options excerised in section 6 making it a nonfree book, only allowing the distribution of substantially unmodified electronic formats only even for commerical purposes. The illustration on the cover of the book is a 1913 painting by Liubov Popova titled Composition with Figures and belongs to the collection of the State Tretyakov Gallery. The essay was first presented by the author at the Linux Kongress on in Würzburg (Germany) and was published as the second chapter of the same‑titled book in 1999. It examines the struggle between top-down and bottom-up design. Raymond on software engineering methods, based on his observations of the Linux kernel development process and his experiences managing an open source project, fetchmail. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary (abbreviated CatB) is an essay, and later a book, by Eric S.
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